CSS named color

Midnight Blue #191970

The CSS keyword midnightblue is #191970. It is a very dark soft blue in the blue family. In OKLCH it sits at lightness 0.288, chroma 0.144 and hue 272.8°.

Relative luminance: 0.0207
OKLCH L · C · h: 0.288 · 0.144 · 272.8
Best text: White 14.84:1
Hue family: Blue

Inspect this color Check contrast

#191970 color codes

HEX: #191970
RGB: rgb(25, 25, 112)
HSL: hsl(240, 64%, 27%)
OKLCH: oklch(0.288 0.144 272.8)
OKLab: oklab(0.288 0.007 -0.143)
CIELAB (D65): L* 15.86, a* 31.71, b* -49.57
XYZ (D65): X 3.67, Y 2.07, Z 15.53
CMYK (naive): cmyk(78%, 78%, 0%, 56%)

CIELAB and XYZ use the D65 white point; CSS lab() uses D50, so paste the OKLCH or HEX value into stylesheets. CMYK here is a plain formula with no press profile.

Legibility

Contrast: is #191970 accessible?

White text on it reaches 14.84:1, passing AAA. Black text fails at 1.41:1.

WCAG 2 gives the same ratio whichever color is the text; APCA does not, so its Lc changes sign and size with polarity.

Open the Contrast System

Black text on it

1.41:1
- AA fails
- AA large fails
- AAA fails
- APCA Lc 0
Text is here, unreadable at 1.41:1
White text on it

14.84:1
- AA passes
- AA large passes
- AAA passes
- APCA Lc −103
As text on black

1.41:1
- AA fails
- AA large fails
- AAA fails
- APCA Lc 0
Text is here, unreadable at 1.41:1
As text on white

14.84:1
- AA passes
- AA large passes
- AAA passes
- APCA Lc +101

Nearest versions that pass 4.5:1

For text on white

#191970 14.84:1

It already reaches 14.84:1 on white, so no change is needed.
For text on black

#5C6ECA 4.53:1

Lightening its OKLCH lightness from 0.29 to 0.57 reaches 4.53:1 on black, keeping the hue.

Compare both in the Contrast System

Checking another pair? Use the Contrast Checker.

Studio

Adjust #191970 live

Move lightness, chroma and hue in OKLCH, or drag on the map. The map is every lightness and chroma at the current hue: sRGB inside the solid area, Display P3 out to the dashed line.

The studio needs JavaScript.

Scale

Shades and tints of #191970

Eleven OKLCH lightness steps at this hue, each with its contrast against white and black. #191970 sits at step 900.

50#F2F5FF

White
1.08
Black
19.28
100#E4EAFF

White
1.19
Black
17.51
200#CAD6FF

White
1.44
Black
14.57
300#A8BAFF

White
1.88
Black
11.13
400#859AF9

White
2.62
Black
7.98
500#6A7EDC

White
3.72
Black
5.63
600#5465C1

White
5.23
Black
4.00
700#404EA4

White
7.38
Black
2.84
800#2B3584

White
10.79
Black
1.94
900This color#191970

White
14.84
Black
1.41
950#0B0846

White
18.46
Black
1.13

Under each step, white and black text on it; a bold figure passes 4.5:1.

Gamut

How vivid #191970 can get

At its lightness and hue, sRGB reaches OKLCH chroma 0.185; #191970 uses 78% of it. Display P3 reaches no further at this hue.

sRGB
Display P3
Rec. 2020
Dominant wavelength

OKLCH chroma: 0.144
sRGB edge: 0.185
Display P3 edge: 0.186
Rec. 2020 edge: 0.199
Dominant wavelength: 464 nm
Excitation purity: 80%
Chromaticity: x 0.1726, y 0.0974

This color#191970
Most vivid in sRGB#1A0084
Most vivid in Display P3oklch(0.288 0.186 272.8)

On a screen without Display P3 the last tile shows the sRGB edge instead.

Use the wider color where screens show it

.accent {
  color: #191970;
}
@media (color-gamut: p3) {
  .accent { color: color(display-p3 0.0891 0 0.4966); }
}

Mixing

Mixing #191970

Each row is the same mix worked out in a different space, with the halfway color at its end. sRGB, which older CSS gradients use, can sag gray or dark in the middle; OKLab keeps the lightness steps even; OKLCH holds chroma and hue as it goes.

White #FFFFFF

sRGB50%#8C8CB8
OKLab50%#7E8BBA
OKLCH50%#7E8BBA

Black #000000

sRGB50%#0D0D38
OKLab50%#040427
OKLCH50%#040427

Its complement #352A00

sRGB50%#272238
OKLab50%#242A40
OKLCH50%#00332D

In CSS

/* A gradient and a mix, worked out in OKLCH */
background: linear-gradient(in oklch, #191970, white);
color: color-mix(in oklch, #191970 50%, white);

In use

#191970 in an interface

A button, a link, a heading, a focused field, an icon and a chart line in this color, on a light page and a dark one. Each check is a WCAG 2 contrast minimum: 1.4.3 for text, 1.4.11 for the rest.

Light page

Button labelText, 4.5:114.84:1 Passes
Link and body-size textText, 4.5:114.84:1 Passes
Large headingLarge text, 3:114.84:1 Passes
Icons, borders and focus ringsNon-text, 3:114.84:1 Passes

Dark page

Button labelText, 4.5:114.84:1 Passes
Link and body-size textText, 4.5:11.26:1 Fails
Large headingLarge text, 3:11.26:1 Fails
Icons, borders and focus ringsNon-text, 3:11.26:1 Fails

For text on this page, the nearest shade that passes is #6477D4 4.57:1

Color vision

How #191970 looks with color blindness

Achromatopsia changes it most, ΔE2000 25.5; deuteranopia changes it least, 4.6.

Simulated with Machado et al. (2009) at full severity, in linear light.

Simulate a whole page What each type sees

Protanopia

No working red (long-wavelength) cones

#002C73 ΔE2000 7.3

Noticeable

Reads as dark soft blue
Deuteranopia

No working green (medium-wavelength) cones

#00236E ΔE2000 4.6

Close match

Reads as very dark soft blue
Tritanopia

No working blue (short-wavelength) cones

#003243 ΔE2000 14.0

Distinct

Reads as very dark muted blue
Achromatopsia

No cone color vision; lightness only

#272727 ΔE2000 25.5

Distinct

Reads as near-black

Pairing check

Checked against its complement, #352A00. Their lightness contrast is only 1.04:1, so where hue collapses, add a label, icon or pattern.

Vision	The pair	ΔE2000	Verdict
Normal vision	#191970 · #352A00	46.5	Stays distinct
Protanopia	#002C73 · #302900	43.6	Stays distinct
Deuteranopia	#00236E · #332C02	45.4	Stays distinct
Tritanopia	#003243 · #3A2522	28.4	Stays distinct
Achromatopsia	#272727 · #2B2B2B	1.3	Easily confused

Harmony

Color harmonies for #191970

Its complement is #352A00, a very dark muted brown, on the warm side of the wheel.

Hue rotations in OKLCH, mapped into sRGB by trimming chroma so hue and lightness stay put.

Open the Harmony Studio

Base#191970
Complement#352A00

Complementary

Open in Harmony Studio

−30°#002E4A
Base#191970
+30°#3A0663

Analogous

Open in Harmony Studio

Base#191970
+120°#540A00
+240°#003518

Triadic

Open in Harmony Studio

Base#191970
+150°#412200
+210°#253000

Split-complementary

Open in Harmony Studio

Code

Design tokens

Ready-to-paste tokens in six formats. Rename them to fit your system.

CSS custom property

:root {
  --color-midnightblue: #191970;
}

Tailwind config

// tailwind.config.js
module.exports = {
  theme: {
    extend: {
      colors: {
        midnightblue: '#191970',
      },
    },
  },
};

Tailwind v4 theme

/* app.css — Tailwind CSS v4 */
@import "tailwindcss";

@theme {
  --color-midnightblue: oklch(0.288 0.144 272.8);
}

Design token (W3C DTCG)

{
  "color": {
    "midnightblue": {
      "$type": "color",
      "$value": {
        "colorSpace": "srgb",
        "components": [0.098, 0.098, 0.4392],
        "hex": "#191970"
      },
      "$description": "CSS named color midnightblue"
    }
  }
}

SwiftUI color

import SwiftUI

enum Palette {
    static let midnightblue = Color(.sRGB, red: 0.098, green: 0.098, blue: 0.439, opacity: 1)
}

Jetpack Compose color

import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color

object Palette {
    val Midnightblue = Color(0xFF191970)
}

Matches

The nearest match in each system

The closest CSS name, Tailwind shade, RAL Classic paint and Crayola crayon by ΔE2000; under 2 is hard to tell apart side by side. RAL and Crayola values approximate physical colors.

Tools

Open #191970 in the tools

Each opens over this page. More colors live in the Color Library, and every color page is listed on the hub.

Midnight Blue #191970

#191970 color codes

Contrast: is #191970 accessible?

Black text on it

White text on it

As text on black

As text on white

Nearest versions that pass 4.5:1

Adjust #191970 live

Shades and tints of #191970

How vivid #191970 can get

Mixing #191970

#191970 in an interface

How #191970 looks with color blindness

Protanopia

Deuteranopia

Tritanopia

Achromatopsia

Pairing check

Color harmonies for #191970

Complementary

Analogous

Triadic

Split-complementary

Design tokens

CSS custom property

Tailwind config

Tailwind v4 theme

Design token (W3C DTCG)

SwiftUI color

Jetpack Compose color

The nearest match in each system

Similar colors

Open #191970 in the tools